Twice-exceptionality unmasked: A systematic narrative review of the literature on identifying dyslexia in the gifted child.

In this systematic narrative review, we synthesised the small existing body of research on children who are gifted and dyslexic (G-D) in order to investigate the claim that G-D students have a unique profile, characterised by well-masked word-level reading and spelling difficulties. Our focus was on both the cognitive and academic profiles of this subgroup of twice-exceptional (2e) children and the assessment protocols used to identify them. Findings suggest that despite having processing deficits associated with dyslexia, G-D students' gifted strengths, especially those relating to oral language, may enable them to compensate for their reading difficulties, at least to an extent that they fail to meet standard diagnostic criteria. However, G-D students also perform poorly on word-level reading, reading fluency and spelling tasks when compared with both control groups and their gifted, non-dyslexic peers, providing clear evidence of impaired achievement. Findings from this review highlight the need for (a) a more nuanced approach to the assessment of students presenting with highly discrepant profiles and (b) future research into both the cognitive and academic profiles and the instructional needs of this highly able yet poorly understood group of students, whose potential may be masked and thus underestimated in the school setting.

Role of primary healthcare providers in supporting a gifted child.

BACKGROUND: 'Giftedness' in children relates to high potential, whereas 'talent' relates to high achievement. The concept of giftedness can be perplexing for those involved in caring for and supporting a gifted child. OBJECTIVE: This article provides a starting point for primary healthcare providers in supporting gifted children by outlining a range of issues that may impact on these children. DISCUSSION: Gifted children are a heterogeneous population; giftedness occurs on a continuum. Giftedness can also co-occur with disabilities. Evidence-informed strategies to provide support to gifted children need to be considered.

Intelligence and Executive Functions: A Comprehensive Assessment of Intellectually Gifted Children.

OBJECTIVE: Executive functions (EFs) play a key role in cognitive and behavioral functioning. Their multiple forms and implications for daily life behaviors mean they are sometimes equated with intelligence. Several elements even suggest that intellectually gifted children (IGC) may present better executive functioning than typical developing children (TDC, children with intelligence in the average range). However, no study has ever completely tested this hypothesis by a comprehensive assessment of EFs in IGC. METHOD: Results of 30 IGC and 35 TDC aged from 6 to 16 years old were compared through a comprehensive assessment of EFs (inhibition, flexibility, and planning), comprising performance-based and daily life measures. RESULTS: IGC did not differ from TDC in EF performance-based measures. However, they scored higher in parents' and some teachers' ratings, suggesting higher indicators of difficulties in daily life. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to expectations, high intellectual level does not appear to be associated with superior EFs. Surprisingly, parents and teachers of IGC reported more complaints about their executive functioning in everyday life. We put forward different hypotheses to explain this contrast. Further research is needed to better understand this phenomenon, in which neuropsychology has a fundamental role to play.

Habitual sleep and intraindividual variability of sleep in gifted children: an actigraphy study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Giftedness is a multidimensional condition. It is increasingly put forward that gifted children (GC) could be a population at high risk for sleep problems. The current study investigated GC and typically developing children for their habitual sleep, night-to-night sleep variability, and parental reports of child sleep. METHODS: The sample consisted of 62 GC (31 girls; mean age = 9.63 ± 1.71 years) and 62 typically developing children (31 girls; mean age = 9.68 ± 1.68 years). Groups were age and sex matched. Giftedness was identified using Renzulli's 3-factor definition of giftedness. Sleep duration, quality, and night-to-night variability were assessed using actigraphy. Parents were asked to complete the short-form version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire to report on their child's sleep. Groups were compared with independent sample t-tests and chi-square analyses. RESULTS: GC displayed lower sleep efficiencies, more wake time after sleep onset, and more night-to-night sleep variability than typically developing children. GC were found to experience less social jetlag compared to typically developing children, and they also showed more clinically significant sleep problems as reported by parents. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep maintenance and stability tend to be challenged in GC. While there is growing evidence that greater sleep variability is associated with poorer physical and emotional health, studies have yet to examine these associations in GC specifically to get a better understanding of giftedness. Overall, there is a need for research focused on both predictors and consequences of sleep patterns and sleep variability in GC. CITATION: Bastien L, Théoret R, Bernier A, Godbout R. Habitual sleep and intraindividual variability of sleep in gifted children: an actigraphy study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(5):925-934.

Association between sleep and problematic behaviours in gifted children: a polysomnographic study.

Neurological uniqueness, maladaptive behaviours, as well as atypical sleep patterns are reported to be defining characteristics of giftedness, but this has received little empirical support. We studied the polysomnography recorded sleep of gifted and typically-developing children together with features of maladaptive behaviours. The association of sleep macrostructure and sleep instability with maladaptive behaviours was also investigated in gifted children. In all, 19 gifted children (74% boys) and 17 typically-developing children (76% boys) aged 6-12 years were studied. Giftedness was identified using Renzulli's three-factor definition. The microarousal index, number of awakenings, and number of Stage shifts between sleep stages throughout the night were computed as sleep instability parameters. Maladaptive behaviours were assessed using the Child Behaviour Checklist. We found significantly more Stage N1 and less Stage N3 in gifted children compared to typically-developing children. More Stage N1 sleep was correlated with more externalising problems and less Stage N3 sleep was correlated with more internalising problems. Gifted children also displayed more rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but this was not significantly correlated with behavioural scales. Gifted children displayed two opposing trends of sleep instability: more instability involving N1 sleep and less instability involving N2, N3 and REM sleep. More total Stage shifts were correlated with more internalising and externalising problems. The results of this study provide initial evidence of polysomnography-based characteristics of giftedness. Further studies are needed to explore common pathways linking sleep alterations and maladaptive behaviours in children with giftedness.

Formação em análise do comportamento no contexto da educação especial: variáveis pessoais e atitudinais relacionadas à inclusão / Training in behavior analysis in the context of special education: personal and attitudinal variables related to inclusion / Formación en análisis de conducta en el contexto de la educación especial: variables personales y actitudinales relacionadas con la inclusión

A inclusão educacional de estudantes com autismo e/ou deficiência intelectual no ensino regular, em classe comum, evidencia a urgência de programas de formação docente em práticas educacionais baseadas em evidências. O objetivo foi avaliar a estrutura de um processo formativo remoto para elaboração, aplicação e avaliação de uma intervenção comportamental na perspectiva educacional inclusiva e, mais especificamente, caracterizar as atitudes sociais de agentes educacionais participantes da formação. A formação ocorreu em dois formatos. No primeiro, todo o material foi disponibilizado em uma pasta virtual compartilhada e, no segundo, em um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA). Nos dois formatos, a estrutura contou com parte teórica e prática, por meio de leitura de textos, realização de exercícios e discussões. Na parte prática, participantes tiveram a oportunidade de trabalhar com famílias e estudantes (crianças e jovens) com autismo e/ou deficiência intelectual visando identificar as necessidades e prioridades da família para elaboração colaborativa de um plano de intervenção (sistematização de práticas), implementação e análise das práticas. Para a caracterização da amostra foram levantadas informações pessoais, experiências prévias, familiaridade com ferramentas tecnológicas, conhecimento sobre os conceitos teóricos da Análise do Comportamento. Foi feita uma caracterização das atitudes sociais em relação à inclusão e analisada a validade social de participantes sobre a formação. Os resultados da formação identificaram correlações entre o nível de atitudes sociais e o engajamento nas atividades práticas entregues, além da relação entre o número de participantes que concluíram a formação, o cumprimento de tarefas e dificuldades de contato com a família. O estudo discutiu sobre estratégias que tenham em vista possibilidades de escalabilidade da formação docente de maneira sistemática e científica nesta área de atuação profissional.(AU)

The educational inclusion of students with autism and/or intellectual disabilities in regular education has highlighted the urgency of initial and continuing education programs with evidence-based educational practices. The objective was to evaluate the structure of a remote training process for the elaboration, application and evaluation of a behavioral intervention in the inclusive educational perspective and, complementarily, a specific objective was to characterize the social attitudes of educational agents participating in the training. The training took place in two formats. In the first, all material was made available in a shared folder and in the second, in a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). In both formats, the structure had a theoretical and practical part, by reading and carrying out exercises and discussions. In the practical part, participants had the opportunity to work with families and students with autism and/or intellectual disability to identify the needs and priorities of the family for the collaborative elaboration of an intervention plan (systematization of practices), implementation and analysis of practices. For the characterization of the sample, personal information, previous experiences, familiarity with technological tools, and knowledge about the theoretical concepts of Behavior Analysis were collected. A characterization of social attitudes towards inclusion was carried out and the social validity of participants regarding training was analyzed. The results of the training identified correlations between the level of social attitudes and engagement in the practical activities delivered, in addition to the relationship between the drop in the number of participants, the fulfillment of tasks and difficulties in contacting the family. The study discussed strategies that aim at possibilities of scaling continuing education in a systematic and scientific way in this area of professional activity.(AU)

La inclusión educativa de estudiantes con autismo y/o discapacidad intelectual en la educación regular, en aulas regulares, ha puesto de relieve la urgencia de programas de educación inicial y continua en prácticas educativas basadas en evidencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la estructura de un proceso de formación a distancia para la elaboración, aplicación y evaluación de una intervención conductual en la perspectiva educativa inclusiva y, de forma complementaria, el objetivo específico fue caracterizar las actitudes sociales de los agentes educativos participantes en la formación. La capacitación se llevó a cabo en dos formatos. En el primer, todo el material estaba disponible en una carpeta compartida y, en el segundo, en un entorno virtual de aprendizaje (EVA). En los dos formatos, la estructura tuvo una parte teórica y práctica, mediante la lectura de textos, la realización de ejercicios y discusiones. En la parte práctica, los participantes tuvieron la oportunidad de trabajar con las familias y los alumnos con autismo y/o discapacidad intelectual con el fin de identificar las necesidades y prioridades de la familia para la elaboración colaborativa de un plan de intervención (sistematización de prácticas), su implementación y el análisis de prácticas. Para la caracterización de la muestra, se planteó información personal, experiencias previas, familiaridad con herramientas tecnológicas, conocimiento sobre los conceptos teóricos del análisis de comportamiento. Se realizó una caracterización de las actitudes sociales hacia la inclusión y se analizó la validez social de los participantes respecto a la formación. Los resultados de la capacitación identificaron correlaciones entre el nivel de actitudes sociales y el compromiso en las actividades prácticas impartidas, además de la relación entre la disminución del número de participantes, el cumplimiento de las tareas y las dificultades de contacto con la familia. Este estudio discutió estrategias que apuntan a posibilidades de escalar la formación docente de forma sistemática y científica en esta área de actuación profesional.(AU)

Adaptação cultural do Family Foundations: Programa de intervenção em coparentalidade para casais em transição para a parentalidade / Cultural adaptation of Family Foundations: a coparenting intervention program for couples during the transition to parenthood / Adaptación cultural de lo Family Foundations: programa de intervención de coparentalidad para parejas en transición a la paternidad

A relação coparental envolve interações entre os pais, ou outras figuras parentais, para educar uma criança. Essa relação emerge na transição para a parentalidade, uma janela crítica para o desenvolvimento humano por afetar tanto o bem-estar dos pais quanto o desenvolvimento socioemocional do bebê. O objetivo do presente estudo foi reportar e avaliar o processo sistemático de escolha e adaptação (cultural e de formato) do programa Family Foundations, que tem como foco aprimorar a qualidade da relação coparental de casais durante a transição para a parentalidade. As avaliações positivas dos pais evidenciam alta aceitabilidade do programa. Em estudos futuros, será importante aumentar o número de participantes e analisar a eficácia e efetividade do programa.

The coparenting relationship involves interactions between parents, or other parental figures, to raise a child. This relationship emerges during the transition to parenthood, a critical period in human development that affects parents’ well-being and the child’s social-emotional development. The objective of this paper was to report and evaluate the systematic process of selecting and adapting (considering culture and format) the Family Foundations program, which focuses on improving the quality of the coparental relationship of couples during the transition to parenthood. Positive parent evaluations indicate high acceptability of the program. In future studies, the efficacy and effectiveness of the program should be evaluated.

La relación coparental envuelve interacciones entre los padres u otras figuras parentales, para la crianza de un niño. Esta relación surge en la transición para la parentalidad, etapa crítica para el desarrollo humano por afectar el bienestar de los padres y el desarrollo socioemocional del bebé. El objetivo de este artículo fue relatar e evaluar el proceso sistemático de elección y adaptación (cultural y del formato) del programa Family Foundations, que tiene como objetivo mejorar la calidad de la relación coparental de las parejas en transición a la paternidad. Los resultados positivos muestran la alta aceptabilidad del programa. En estudios futuros, será importante analizar la eficacia y efectividad del programa.

Intervenção em orientação profissional para adolescentes com e sem superdotação¹ / Professional guidance intervention for adolescents with and without giftedness / Intervención de orientación profesional para adolescentes con y sin talento

A orientação profissional aos adolescentes com altas habilidades/superdotação é importante para a compreensão de suas habilidades e competências que irão facilitar a inserção no mercado de trabalho. O estudo teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos da intervenção em orientação profissional para adolescentes com e sem superdotação em relação à maturidade para escolha profissional, indecisão vocacional, autoeficácia e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Utilizou-se um questionário de dados sociodemográficos, critério de Classificação Brasil, Escala de Maturidade para Escolha Profissional, Escala de Indecisão Vocacional, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale e a Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida. Participaram 31 adolescentes. Observou-se que a intervenção em orientação profissional reduziu a indecisão vocacional e sintomas de estresse. Os superdotados apresentaram aumento de determinação, autoconhecimento e maturidade para escolha profissional.

The professional guidance for adolescents with high abilities/giftedness is important for understanding their skills and competences that will facilitate their entry into the labor market. Objective to compare the effects of intervention in professional guidance for adolescents with and without giftedness in relation to the maturity for professional choice, vocational indecision, self-efficacy and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. We used a questionnaire of sociodemographic data, Brazil Classification criteria, Maturity Scale for Professional Choice, Vocational Indecision Scale, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Perceived General Self-efficacy Scale. 31 adolescents participated. It was observed that the intervention in professional guidance reduced vocational indecision and symptoms of stress. The gifted showed an increase in determination, self-knowledge and maturity for professional choice.

La orientación profesional para adolescentes con altas capacidades / superdotación es importante para la comprensión de sus habilidades y competencias que facilitarán su inserción en el mercado laboral. Objetivo de comparar los efectos de la intervención en la orientación profesional para adolescentes con y sin superdotación en relación con la madurez para la elección profesional, la indecisión vocacional, la autoeficacia y los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Utilizamos un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, criterios de clasificación de Brasil, escala de madurez para la elección profesional, escala de indecisión vocacional, escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés y la escala de autoeficacia general percibida. Participaron 31 adolescentes. Se observó que la intervención en orientación profesional redujo la indecisión vocacional y los síntomas de estrés. Los superdotados mostraron un aumento en la determinación, el autoconocimiento y la madurez para la elección profesional.

Integrated assessment of children's cognitive and creative abilities: psychometric studies / Avaliação integrada das habilidades cognitivas e criativas de crianças: estudos psicométricos / Evaluación integrada de las habilidades cognitivas y creativas de los niños

It is essential that intelligence assessment be integrated with creativity, although no instruments in Brazil do so. This research investigated the item difficulty and validity and reliability of the Bateria de Avaliação Intelectual e Criativa Infantil (BAICI) to address this gap. The first sample consisted of 612 children (54% M) aged 7 to 12 years, and the second sample consisted of 377 students (56% M), some of whom (N = 164) were already identified as exhibiting high skills/giftedness. Item analysis indicated the need to adjust the BAICI items. The results of a MANCOVA indicated that the BAICI exhibits evidence of validity with external variables because the group of gifted children was significantly distinguished from the group of students attending regular schools on tests of vocabulary, speed, logical thinking, and creativity. The study concludes that the BAICI has psychometric qualities that can be used in the psychological assessment of children. (AU)

É essencial que a avaliação da inteligência seja integrada com a criatividade embora não existam instrumentos no país para essa finalidade. Esta pesquisa investigou a dificuldade dos itens e as evidências de validade e precisão da Bateria de Avaliação Intelectual e Criativa Infantil (BAICI) para oferecer uma avaliação mais completa do potencial infantil. A primeira amostra foi composta por 612 crianças (54% M), idade sete a 12 anos e a segunda de 377 estudantes (56% M), uma parte (N = 164) já identificadas com altas habilidades/superdotação. A análise pela TRI indicou a necessidade de ajuste de itens da BAICI. Os resultados pela MANCOVA indicaram que a BAICI possui evidências de validade com variáveis externas, pois o grupo de crianças superdotadas se distinguiu significativamente de estudantes de escolas regulares nos testes de vocabulário, rapidez, pensamento lógico e criatividade. Conclui-se que a BAICI possui qualidades psicométricas para ser utilizada na avaliação psicológica infantil. (AU)

Es fundamental que la evaluación de la inteligencia se integre con la creatividad, aunque en el país no existen instrumentos para este fin. Esta investigación analizó las evidencias de validez y precisión de la Batería de Evaluación Intelectual y Creativa Infantil (BAICI) para proporcionar una evaluación más completa del potencial de los niños. La primera muestra estuvo compuesta por 612 niños (54% M), de 7 a 12 años, a su vez, la segunda por 377 estudiantes (56% M), una parte (N = 164) ya identificada con altas habilidades/superdotación. El análisis de la TRI indicó la necesidad de ajustar los ítems de la BAICI. Los resultados de MANCOVA indicaron que BAICI tiene evidencias de validez con variables externas, ya que el grupo de niños superdotados se distinguió significativamente de niños de escuelas regulares en las pruebas de vocabulario, velocidad, pensamiento lógico y creatividad. Se concluye que la BAICI tiene cualidades psicométricas para ser utilizada en la evaluación psicológica infantil. (AU)

Exploring the link between Turkish gifted children's perceptions of the gifted label and emotional intelligence competencies.

The present study attempts to explore the relation between Turkish gifted children's perceptions of the gifted label and their emotional intelligence competencies. We included 122 gifted children in this correlational study in the 2018-2019 academic year and collected the data using the Perceptions of Gifted Label Scale (PGLS) and the Emotional Intelligence Competencies Scale (EICS). In the analysis, we utilized descriptive statistics and calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients between the variables. The mean age of the children was 11.5 years, and there was an equal number of girls and boys. The findings revealed that the children got almost average scores on all subscales of the PGLS. The results uncovered that self-perception of the gifted label was significantly correlated with friends' and parents' perceptions of the gifted label [r = 0.380, p < .01]. We found a significant negative relationship between the PGLS self-perception and the EICS self-consciousness. To put it more clearly, as having increased self-consciousness, they are likely to have decreased perception of being labeled decreases. . Our findings also seem noteworthy in suggesting a helpful conceptual framework for designing therapeutic interventions for gifted children, who are often considered more sensitive to social-emotional issues.

The education context for twice-exceptional students: An overview of issues in special and gifted education.

Twice-exceptional children (2e) identified as having a disability and areas of high ability require a diverse range of support and enrichment services. However, services associated with special education and gifted programs present numerous barriers to the appropriate education of 2e students. In this manuscript, the author briefly recounts his experiences as a 2e child and shares experiences of 2e students and their families presented at the 2021 Summit on the Neuroscience of Twice Exceptionality. Challenges associated with the provision of special and gifted education to 2e students are also described. The role of neuroscience in education, as it relates to 2e students, is also discussed. Although many of the barriers to effective education for 2e children are systemic in nature, school-level reforms, as well as scientific advances, have the potential to improve services for this population.

Diferencias en el autoconcepto entre alumnado con altas capacidades y alumnado general: un metaanálisis desde 2005 hasta 2020 / Differences in self-concept between gifted and non-gifted students: Ameta-analysis from 2005 to 2020

Los estudiantes con altas capacidades, aquellos que presentan una mayor probabilidad de lograr metas extraordinarias en uno o más dominios, generalmente difieren del alumnado general en algunas de las dimensiones del autoconcepto, o la percepción que tiene una persona de sí misma. Sin embargo, la investigación actual sobre altas capacidades ha evolucionado introduciendo nuevos posibles moderadores en estas diferencias por lo que se hace necesaria una actualización sobre el tema. El objetivo del presente metaanálisis (referencia: CRD42018094723) fue sintetizar los estudios desde 2005 sobre las diferencias en el autoconcepto entre estudiantes con altas capacidades y alumnado general. Los resultados mostraron que los alumnos con altas capacidades presentan niveles superiores de autoconcepto global y académico, especialmente el matemático. Sin embargo, no se hallaron diferencias en autoconceptos conductual y emocional, y hubo puntuaciones levemente más bajas en autoconcepto social. En el autoconcepto físico, estos estudiantes puntúan notablemente más bajo que el alumnado general. Las diferencias en esta subdimensión están moderadas por los procedimientos de identificación, la procedencia y la edad, por lo que se sugieren que los estereotipos sociales acerca de las altas capacidades, así como los hábitos de actividad física podrían estar detrás de las dichas diferencias.(AU)

Gifted students (i.e., those who are more likely to achieve ex-traordinary goals in one or more domains) generally differ from the non-gifted students in some of the dimensions of self-concept (i.e., a person's perception of him/herself). However, the current research on giftedness has evolvedto introduce new possible moderators of these differences so it has become necessary to carry out an update on the topic. The aim of the present meta-analysis (reference: CRD42018094723) was to synthesise the studies since 2005 on differences in self-concept between gifted and non-gifted students. The results showed that gifted students have higher levels of general and academic self-concept, especially in math self-concept. However, no differences were found in behavioural and emotion-al self-concepts, andonly slightly lower scores in social self-concept. In physical self-concept they scored significantly lower than non-gifted stu-dents. The differences in this sub-dimension are moderated by identifica-tion procedures, geographical area, and age, so it is suggested that social stereotypes about giftedness as well as physical activity habits may be some of the reasons for these differences.(AU)

Avaliação de Estudante com Altas Habilidades/Superdotação Pré e Pós-Oferta de Enriquecimento Curricular / Evaluation of Student with High Ability/Giftedness Pre and Post Curriculum Enrichment Offer / Evaluación de Estudiante con Altas Capacidades/ Superdotación Pre y Post Oferta de Enriquecimiento Curricular

Objetiva-se apresentar o processo de avaliação e confirmação dos indicadores de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação de um estudante, pré e pós-oferta de enriquecimento intracurricular e extracurricular. A pesquisa configura-se como descritiva, do tipo casuístico. Participou do estudo um estudante com indicadores de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação, matriculado nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública estadual do interior de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada na escola e no Centro de Psicologia Aplicada de uma Universidade Pública da cidade, por meio de uma avaliação multimodal, envolvendo uma bateria de instrumentos aplicados junto à mãe e ao estudante, incluindo avaliação pedagógica, psicológica e psicomotora. Os resultados indicaram que o estudante apresenta fortes indicadores de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação, demonstrando desempenho acima da média, com destaque em matemática, leitura e escrita, os quais puderam ser confirmados tanto pela avaliação pedagógica quanto pela psicológica, e alto desempenho na área de psicomotricidade. A oferta de enriquecimento intracurricular e extracurricular contribuiu para melhorar o desempenho do estudante.

The objective is to present the process of evaluating and confirming the indicators of High Abilities/Giftedness of a student, pre and post-offer for intracurricular and extracurricular enrichment. The research is descriptive, of the casuistic type. A student with indicators of High Abilities/Giftedness, enrolled in the early years of Elementary School from a state public school in the state of São Paulo, participated in the study. Data collection was carried out at the school and at the Applied Psychology Center of a Public University in the city through a multimodal assessment, involving a battery of instruments applied to the mother and student, including pedagogical, psychological and psychomotor assessment. The results indicated that the student has strong indicators of High Abilities/Giftedness, demonstrating above-average performance, especially in mathematics, reading and writing, which could be confirmed by both the pedagogical and psychological assessment, and high performance in the area of psychomotricity. Offering intra and extra-curricular enrichment has contributed to improving the student's performance.

El objetivo deste estudio es presentar el proceso de evaluación y confirmación de los indicadores de Altas Capacidades/Superdotación, antes y después de la oferta de enriquecimiento intracurricular y extracurricular. La investigación es descriptiva, de tipo casuístico. Participó en el estudio un estudiante con indicadores de Altas Capacidades/ Superdotación matriculado en los primeros años de la Escuela Primaria, de una escuela pública estatal en el interior de São Paulo. La recolección de datos se realizó en la escuela y en el Centro de Psicología Aplicada de una Universidad Pública de la ciudad. Através de una evaluación multimodal, que involucró una batería de instrumentos aplicados a la madre y al alumno, incluyendo evaluación pedagógica, psicológica y psicomotora. Los resultados indicaron que el estudiante tiene fuertes indicadores de Altas Capacidades/Superdotación, demostrando un desempeño superior al promedio, con énfasis en matemáticas, lectura y escritura, lo cual podría ser confirmado tanto por la evaluación pedagógica, la psicológica y de alto desempeño en el área de Psicomotricidad. Ofrecer enriquecimiento intra y extracurricular ha contribuido a mejorar el rendimiento de los estudiantes.

The identification of gifted underachievement: Validity evidence for the commonly used methods.

BACKGROUND: Much confusion exists about the underachievement of gifted students due to significant variations in how the phenomenon has been identified. From a review of the literature, five methods were found to be commonly used to identify gifted underachievement. AIMS: The purpose of the study was to assess the equivalence of the commonly used methods to identify gifted underachievement, and to determine which of these methods may be optimal. SAMPLE: Data were collected from a school in Sydney, Australia. METHOD: Three measures of convergence (i.e., difference in proportions, phi association, and kappa agreement) were used to assess the equivalence of the identification methods, while latent class analysis was used to determine the optimal identification method. RESULTS: The convergence evidence suggested that the commonly used identification methods may not be considered convergent, while the criterion evidence indicated that one of the five identification methods may have strong levels of criterion validity. CONCLUSIONS: A conclusion was reached that the simple difference method may be the most valid method to identify gifted underachievement.

The diagnostic utility of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) in identification of gifted children.

Accurate assessment and early identification of gifted children is of great importance in terms of providing them with educational programs tailored for their abilities in specific areas. Individually administered intelligence tests are widely used to identify gifted children, and an above-average level of intellectual capacity is generally accepted as the main criterion for giftedness. This study aimed to investigate the utility of the Turkish version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) to distinguish gifted children from non-gifted children. For this purpose, 201 gifted children and 201 non-gifted children were included in the study. To be able to determine the predictive power of the WISC-IV index and subtest scores, logistic regression analyses were performed. Results indicated that the Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index ​​scores (except Verbal Comprehension Index score), and all subtest scores significantly predicted giftedness. Furthermore, correct classification rates among gifted children were 93% for index scores and 97% for subtest scores. The findings of this study suggest that intelligence scores obtained from the WISC-IV have a diagnostic utility and provide valid and reliable results in identifying gifted children.

Neuropsychological Profile of Intellectually Gifted Children: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: The term intellectually gifted (IG) refers to children of high intelligence, which is classically measured by the intelligence quotient (IQ). Some researchers assume that the cognitive profiles of these children are characterized by both strengths and weaknesses, compared with those of their typically developing (TD) peers of average IQ. The aim of the present systematic review was to verify this assumption, by compiling data from empirical studies of cognitive functions (language, motor skills, visuospatial processing, memory, attention and executive functions, social and emotional cognition) and academic performances. METHOD: The literature search yielded 658 articles, 15 of which met the selection criteria taken from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses model. We undertook a qualitative summary, to highlight any discrepancies between cognitive functions. RESULTS: IG children exhibited better skills than TD children in a number of domains, including attention, language, mathematics, verbal working memory, shifting, and social problem solving. However, the two groups had comparable skills in visuospatial processing, memory, planning, inhibition, and visual working memory, or facial recognition. CONCLUSION: Although IG children may have some strengths, many studies have failed to find differences between this population and their TD peers on many other cognitive measures. Just like any other children, they can display learning disabilities, which can be responsible for academic underachievement. Further studies are needed to better understand this heterogeneity. The present review provides pointers for overcoming methodological problems and opens up new avenues for giftedness research.

The role of metacognitive competences in the development of school achievement among gifted adolescents.

Gifted underachievers perform worse in school than would be expected based on their high intelligence. Possible causes for underachievement are low motivational dispositions (need for cognition) and metacognitive competences. This study tested the interplay of these variables longitudinally with gifted and non-gifted students from Germany (N = 341, 137 females) in Grades 6 (M = 12.02 years at t1) and 8 (M = 14.07 years). Declarative and procedural metacognitive competences were assessed in the domain of reading comprehension. Path analyses showed incremental effects of procedural metacognition over and above intelligence on the development of school achievement in gifted students (ß = .139). Moreover, declarative metacognition and need for cognition interactively predicted procedural metacognition (ß = .169), which mediated their effect on school achievement.

Sleep Characteristics and Socio-Emotional Functioning of Gifted Children.

OBJECTIVES/BACKGROUND: Intellectual giftedness is characterized by an intellectual development superior to peers, while emotional and relational developments correspond to the age norms. Few empirical researches have investigated sleep profile of gifted children (GC) and its association with their well-being, all of which used IQ as the sole definition criteria for GC. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between giftedness and sleep on socio-emotional functioning. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 32 GC (25 boys; mean age = 9.62, SD = 1.81) and 17 typically-developing children (TD: 13 boys; mean age = 10.23 years, SD = 1.95). Giftedness was identified using Renzulli's three-factor definition of giftedness. METHODS: Children's sleep and socio-emotional functioning were respectively assessed with the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist, both completed by parents. RESULTS: Being in the GC group increased by 4.67 times the risk of having sleep problems and 14.12 times the risk of having maladaptive behaviors. Two-way ANOVA tests showed that sleep problems tended to moderate the relation between giftedness and adjustment difficulties so that the combination of giftedness and sleep problems appeared to be prejudicial to socio-emotional functioning. CONCLUSION: Giftedness could be a risk factor for sleep disorders as well as adjustment difficulties. The present results support the importance of addressing sleep in the GC assessment to improve their well-being and eventually limit the negative impacts of sleep difficulties on emotional and behavioral functioning.

La creatividad en estudiantes con TDAH y altas capacidades / Creativity in students with ADHD and high capacities

El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es una patología recurrente en el contexto escolar, la cual ha sido asociada a un bajo rendimiento académico y dificultades en la capacidad cognitiva. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, ha surgido un interés por estudiar otros factores que también parecen asociarse con este trastorno. Entre ellos, destacan la alta capacidad y la creatividad como componentes que en al-gunas ocasiones aparecen de forma conjunta con el TDAH. El objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica consiste en recopilar información teórica relacionada con la crea-tividad como factor que se articula con el TDAH y las altas capacidades. Para esto, se realizó la búsqueda de antecedentes investigativos, relacionados con esta temática en diferentes bases de datos, desde el año 2006 hasta el 2020. Los resultados de esta búsqueda indican que algunos de los niños con TDAH, presentan un coeficiente intelec-tual superior y un alto índice de creatividad, que puede verse alterado por los efectos del tratamiento farmacológico. Por ello, la mayoría de estas investigaciones sugiere la realización de otros estudios empíricos que soporten esta relación

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a recurrent pathology in the school context, which has been associated with low academic performance and difficulties in cognitive ability. However, in recent years, there has been an interest in studying other factors that also seem to be associated with this disorder. Among them, high ability and creativity stand out as components that sometimes appear together with ADHD. The aim of this literature review is to compile theoretical information related to creativity as a factor that is articulated with ADHD and high abilities. For this purpose, a search of research background related to this topic was carried out in different databases, from 2006 to 2020. The results of this search indicate that some of the children with ADHD have a higher IQ and a high creativity index, which may be altered by the effects of pharmacological treatment. Therefore, most of these investigations suggest that further empirical studies should be carried out to support this relationship

Desafios do fazer docente nas salas de recursos multifuncionais (SRM) / Challenges of teaching in multifunctional resource rooms (SRMs) / Desafíos del hacer docente en las salas de recursos multifuncionales (SRM)

Este artigo objetiva compreender a relação entre o prescrito na legislação brasileira para o desenvolvimento do trabalho nas salas de recursos multifuncionais (SRM) e a realidade do trabalho na rede municipal de ensino de uma cidade do Nordeste brasileiro, além de mostrar como se mobilizam subjetivamente as professoras desse local frente às condições e organização do trabalho que lhes são impostas. As SRM são espaços instituídos nas escolas públicas brasileiras para atender ao direito universal à educação aos que apresentam deficiências, transtornos globais do desenvolvimento, altas habilidades ou superdotação, por meio do Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). É um serviço recente e pouco conhecido nacionalmente; por isso, é permeado de nuances e desafios que somente as docentes executantes conseguem externar. A pesquisa adotou a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho (PDT) como arcabouço teórico-metodológico e usou, como método de coleta de dados, visitas institucionais e encontros coletivos de discussão. Oito SRM foram visitadas na etapa da observação e 4 professoras participaram do grupo de discussão coletiva. Os resultados demonstraram que as docentes "se desdobram" para dar conta da defasagem entre o prescrito e a realidade do trabalho no AEE. Diante dos constrangimentos e da sobrecarga relacionados à organização do trabalho, vivenciam constantes sofrimentos patológicos e criativos, portanto, se mostraram ativas nas escolas. Há um adoecimento psíquico atrelado ao fazer dessas docentes, algumas das quais pediram para deixar o AEE.(AU)

This article aims to understand the relationship between what is prescribed in Brazilian legislation for the development of work in the Multifunctional Resource Rooms (SRMs) and the real work of the municipal education network of a city in the northeast of Brazil, and show how these teachers subjectively mobilize in view of the conditions and organization of work imposed on them. The Multifunctional Resource Rooms (SRMs) are established spaces in Brazilian public schools to comply with the universal right to education to those with disabilities, global developmental disorders, high skills, or gifts by the Specialized Educational Assistance (SEA). It's a recent service and barely known nationally, and that is why it is permeated by nuances and challenges that only the acting teachers can externalize. The search adopted the Psychodynamics of Work as a theoretical-methodological framework and institutional visits and collective discussion meetings as method of data collection. We visited eight SRMs during the observational stage and four teachers participated in the collective discussion meetings. The results showed that the teachers make do to account for the gap between the prescribed and the actual work of SEA. They confront the embarrassment and the overload related to the work organization that keep them in constant pathological and creative suffering for them to show themselves as active in schools. The work of these teachers is tied to a worsening psychic condition leading some to request to leave the SEA.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender la relación entre lo prescrito por la legislación brasileña en cuanto al desarrollo del trabajo en las Salas de Recursos Multifuncionales (SRM) y el trabajo real de la red de educación municipal de una ciudad del noreste de Brasil, así como mostrar cómo movilizar a los profesores de este lugar en vista de las condiciones y organización del trabajo que se les imponen. Las SRM son espacios instituidos en las escuelas públicas brasileñas para atender el derecho universal a la educación a quienes presentan discapacidades, trastornos globales del desarrollo, altas habilidades o superdotación, mediante la Atención Educativa Especializada (AEE). Este es un servicio reciente y poco conocido en el país; por eso es permeado de matices y desafíos que solamente las docentes ejecutantes consiguen externar. La investigación adoptó la Psicodinámica del Trabajo como base teórico-metodológico y como método de recolección de datos las visitas institucionales y encuentros colectivos de discusión. Ocho SRM fueron visitadas en la etapa de observación y cuatro profesoras participaron en el grupo de discusión colectiva. Los resultados demostraron que las docentes trabajan mucho para dar cuenta del retraso entre lo prescrito y la realidad del trabajo en la AEE. Ante las restricciones y la sobrecarga laboral, vivencian sufrimientos patológicos y creativos, pero se mostraron activas en las escuelas. Hay una enfermedad psíquica sujeta al hacer de estas docentes, y algunas de ellas solicitaron salir de la AEE.(AU)